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An important stage in the lives of a woman is the pregnancy stage. Nothing can bring more joy and happiness for a woman than becoming a mother. Normally, pregnancy would be revealed 12 to 15 days after ovulation. It is worth mentioning here that normally pregnancy is revealed by a woman missing her monthly period. She would then confirm the pregnancy by means of a pregnancy test. Not many women would know that fact that her body itself would show certain signs of pregnancy. Some women can feel these signs in them but other women might not be able to feel the signs of pregnancy. The reason for that is that each body is different. Various signs of early pregnancy or before 6 weeks that are shown in a woman are Implantation or light bleeding: This is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy in a woman. It must be noted that the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining between 5 to 14 days after conception. Point is that the early bleeding is both faint and temporary and it is a pink coloured discharge. It would be for just a couple of days.  As the light spotting would appear as a brief and minimal amount of discharge it is different from regular periods. The light bleeding that would differ from the usual heavy bleeding during periods would indicate the pregnancy. It is noteworthy that not every woman would have implantation bleeding. Breast changes and tenderness etc: The woman would have changes in her breast due to hormone based changes during pregnancy. It is noteworthy that breasts would become tender with swelling/soreness etc between 2 to 6 weeks after conception. Early signs of pregnancy would be revealed by tingling sensation in the breast. The reason is due to the body that is preparing to nourish the baby by making changes to breast tissue. Pregnancy based breast tenderness could be long lasting unlike menstruation based breast tenderness. Fatigue and more sleepiness: That the woman is pregnant is also shown by fatigue or sleepiness etc in her. There would be extreme tiredness in women who are 4 to 6 weeks pregnant and this inspite of good sleep in the nights. Point is that the body would release more progesterone that would make her relaxed as well as sleepier. Just after one week of conception, the first signs of fatigue would be visible. In the fourth week after conception, the signs would become stronger. Nausea and changes in smell and taste: Normally, in the late pregnancy or after 6 weeks only nausea would occur in a woman.  Four weeks after conception,n, morning sickness that includes vomiting and nausea would be present in women. It must be taken into account that this sign can occur at any time of the day. The early signs of pregnancy also include aversion to certain smells or taste etc. The pregnant woman could have a metallic taste in her mouth with sourness etc. Frequent urination and mild cramps: The conceived woman could get frequent urination and this is another important early sign of pregnancy. Here, the woman would have bladder pressure caused due to more blood flow to kidneys and expanding uterus etc. Within the lower abdominal area, mild stomach cramps can occur. It is brought out that fertilized egg implantation along with growing uterus can create these symptoms.

Do you have pets in your house? How would you feel if you were told that leptospirosis or hookworm infection that you have got is due to the pet you have in the house? Shocked right!!  Many of us have pets like dogs, cats and certain birds like parrots, pigeons etc in our houses. Bitter truth is that pets not only bring us huge happiness plus companionship etc but also bring viruses, bacteria etc. It is worthy to note that from pets humans can get certain diseases and these are termed as zoonotic diseases. With proper handling of pets, regular visits to veterinary doctors, with good personal hygiene et, we could avoid most pet related diseases in us. There are few diseases we could get from pets. Ringworm infection: Ringworm infections are fungal based infections that can affect our nails, skin scalp etc. Truth is that from pets like dogs and cats we could get ringworm infection directly. It is possible for us to avoid this infection by bathing pets daily plus grooming them. It is necessary to use disinfectants in those areas where pets visit the house. Finally, washing hands after handling pets is very important. Toxoplasmosis: A parasite that is found in cat faeces is responsible for getting toxoplasmosis. Those with weak immunity and pregnant women are at high risk. It is necessary to clean the litter box by using gloves etc/ pregnant women must avoid doing this. It is necessary to wash hands after completing the above said work. Cat scratch disease or CSD: Having pets like cats at home can also lead to CSD in us. Here, a scratch or bite from a cat can result in this bacterial infection in us. It is necessary that we try to avoid rough play with kittens especially.  Point is that we must clean the scratches immediately with soap and water. Salmonellosis: By handling reptiles, birds etc we can get this Salmonellosis infection in us that is caused by Salmonella bacteria. Even contaminated pet foods can cause this. It is important to wash hands after touching pets or pet foods etc. Leptospirosis: From the urine of the infected dogs, a bacterial infection can spread easily and that is leptospirosis infection. Through contaminated d water or soil, humans can get this infection.  Those having pets like dogs must vaccinate their dogs and they must try to avoid walking with their dogs in floodwater etc. Campylobacteriosis: There are possibilities of humans getting diarrhoea from pets. Campylobacteriosis is due to bacterial infection. When we handle kittens or puppies having diarrhoea issues, then we could also get diarrhoea. It is highly important to have good hygiene. Washing our hands before cooking or eating etc is essential. Rabies: From the bites of infected animals or pets like dogs etc, we can get this deadly viral infection.  Our nervous system could get affected by rabies. We must seek immediate medical treatment if bitten by even our pet dogs.

If you have thought that fading of rashes would correspond to the end of measles and you could feel relaxed, then this article might throw a surprise!! Not many would know the fact that there are certain infections that can attack us after measles.  When a person has measles then he or she would have symptoms like rashes, fever, cough, reddish coloured eyes etc. Virus is responsible for measles in us. Measles is infectious and can spread from one person to another through breath. The shocking piece of information is that measles has come back to the USA and more cases have been reported till now in the middle of 2025 when compared to early 1990s. It is worth mentioning here that after measles the immunity would get lowered and as a result we could get several issues like pneumonia, ear issues, diarrhoea, meningitis etc. It was brought out by a research study in Brazil that measles infection could lead to many non-measles infection deaths. Health issues we could get after measles are Respiratory infections: The cough which we get due to measles would not leave us even after we get cured from measles. The reason for this is due to pneumonia or bronchial pneumonia that would persist.  Children who are below the age of 5 get serious complications due to measles. Diarrhoea and dehydration etc: Not only lungs get affected by measles but also our gut. Toddlers usually suffer from diarrhoea after measles. By this, the children would feel totally drained. It is really shocking to note that in developing countries diarrhoea from measles is a killer. Ear based infections or otitis media: Truth is that one in 10 kids would get ear infections after measles. They could get ringing ears or even hearing loss etc. Point is that the virus would cause inflammation in the Eustachian canal and middle ear.. As a result, the small ears of kids would get filled with fluid and pressure builds up. It is essential to treat ear infection fast or else it can lead to hearing loss also. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or SSPE: Kids who are between 7 and 10 could get affected by SSPE which can be a worst slow burn tragedy. They could appear as another infection in unvaccinated kids. In the beginning, the kids would show behavioural changes, mood swings etc. After some time, the kids would show seizures, muscle spasms, memory loss etc. Myocarditis issue: After measles, a person can also get myocarditis. It is worthy to mention that the heart muscle would become swollen, irritated and can`t pump well. Chest pain, fatigue and irregular heartbeat would occur. Fact is that the doctors would treat it carefully, balancing fluids and watching heart rhythm on the monitor. Blindness: Children who are deprived of vitamin A could get keratitis or corneal inflammation or corneal ulcers and could go blind also after measles. It is shocking to mention that once damage to cornea is done there is no rewind button. It is for this reason the eye specialists push vitamin A during measles outbreaks. Complications during pregnancy: When a pregnant mother gets affected by measles then she could get miscarriage, premature labour and deliver a low birth weight baby. Truth is that even if the mother survives their babies would be medically fragile.